l carnitine tmao nature medicine 2013 koeth JCI γ–Butyrobetaine is a pro-atherogenic intermediate
Butyrobetaine is a pro atherogenic intermediate in gut microbial metabolism of L carnitine to TMAO PMC Frontiers Gut Microbiota Dependent Marker TMAO in Promoting Cardiovascular Disease: Inflammation Mechanism, Clinical Prognostic, and Potential as a Therapeutic Target Characterization of TMAO productivity from carnitine challenge facilitates personalized nutrition and microbiome signatures discovery Microbiome Springer Nature Link Dietary Fatty Acids Modulate Gut Microbiota Derived Trimethylamine N Oxide: Potential Mechanisms and Future Perspective
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