introduction on tobacco to and Nicotine Law and Regulation Smokeless tobacco and cigarette smoking:

Cardiovascular Concerns Nicotine narrows blood vessels, raising blood pressure and increasing the risk of heart disease, heart attacks, and strokes

The use of pack-years to assess the risk of developing COPD or some other lung diseases has been criticized for being a measure based on the assumption that both smoking intensity and duration are of equal importance.11,16,26 However, some authors argue that it should continue to be used because of its simplicity and because it is a measure that provides information on the cumulative amount of tobacco consumption.9,16,27,28 In this study, COPD risk increases linearly with the increase in pack/years, an aspect that also occurs in the nonparametric model

9 Ways to Quit Smoking Without Gaining Weight The benefits of quitting smoking outweigh any potential health problems from a few extra pounds

BJOG An Int J Obstet Gynaecol