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10.1053/j.gastro.2020.10.066 Gastroenterology 119 MaweG

Chemoreceptors located on the vagus nerve can sense and react to compounds of microbial origin [59], with SCFAs such as butyrate shown to directly activate the afferent fibres on the VN [60]

Ammonia produces its deleterious effects through direct and indirect effects on cells, including but not limited to pH changes, altered metabolism, potassium homeostasis disruption, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, compromised oxygen homeostasis and dysregulation of neurotransmission

administration results in a notable decrease in body weight gain and adiposity, 133 proposing OXM as a possible regulator of body weight and appetite