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FIGURE 1 This diagram illustrates how PTSD-induced oxidative pressure influences brain regions (e.g., amygdala and hippocampus) and leads to neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cognitive decline

However, L/L mice did not show hair loss or reduced body weight, two apparent phenotypes of Cebpb -deficient mice (Supplementary Fig

They work synergistically to neutralize free radicals, recycle each other, and enhance cellular protection against oxidative stress

The uptake and metabolism of glutamine is elevated in LPS-activated M1 macrophages, and the replenishment of -KG by glutamine metabolism further promotes the accumulation of succinate, improving the stability of HIF-1, which in turn drives the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as IL-1) [95, 96]