does glutathione increase glutamate Nineteen-year follow-up of a patient with severe synthetase deficiency The role of glutamate and

The role of glutathione and glutathione-S-transferase in the metabolism of chemical carcinogens and other electrophilic compounds

Rarely reported symptoms associated with excessive B12 intake may include: Skin reactions : Acne-like eruptions or rosacea-type dermatitis have been occasionally reported, particularly with high-dose intramuscular injections Gastrointestinal disturbance : Mild nausea, diarrhoea, or abdominal discomfort, though these are uncommon Headache : Infrequent reports of headaches following parenteral B12 administration Hypersensitivity reactions : In very rare cases, allergic reactions to injectable B12 preparations have been documented It is crucial to note that there is no established link between standard B12 supplementation and serious adverse effects

usually most pronounced during dose escalation Diarrhea : Affects 12-17% of patients, typically mild to moderate in severity Vomiting : Reported in 6-10% of patients, more common at higher doses Constipation : Occurs in 6-11% of patients Abdominal pain and dyspepsia : Generally transient Decreased appetite : An expected pharmacological effect contributing to weight loss Other documented adverse effects include injection site reactions, hypoglycemia (when used with insulin or sulfonylureas), and less commonly, fatigue

Senyo SE, Steinhauser ML, Pizzimenti CL et al (2013) Mammalian heart renewal by pre-existing cardiomyocytes