In this section, we analyze four major aging-related diseasesneurodegenerative, cardiovascular, metabolic disorders, and cancerand explore how the interplay between linear time, represented by the aging process, and cyclical time, embodied by the circadian system, shapes their pathophysiology
It may be particularly helpful for "blue circles" where thin skin makes capillaries visible and "shadow circles" caused by loss of firmness and volume
Contact your GP or healthcare provider if you experience: Dark amber or brown urine persisting despite increased fluid intake, which may indicate severe dehydration or, rarely, liver dysfunction Urine colour changes accompanied by symptoms such as persistent vomiting, inability to tolerate oral fluids, severe diarrhoea, or abdominal pain Signs of dehydration : Dizziness, lightheadedness, dry mouth, passing urine less often than usual, dark or strong-smelling urine, or rapid heartbeat Red, pink, or cola-coloured urine : May indicate haematuria (blood in urine), requiring investigation for urinary tract pathology Cloudy or foul-smelling urine with dysuria : Suggests possible urinary tract infection Pale or clay-coloured stools with dark urine and jaundice : Rare but serious indicators of biliary obstruction or hepatic dysfunction For urgent advice : Contact NHS 111 if you cannot reach your GP and need help quickly
doi: 10.18311/jnr/2024/34470 107
