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In HUVECs subjected to normal (1 mM) and low (0.1 mM) Mg 2+ concentrations for 24 h, in a custom-made Mg 2+ -free medium supplemented with magnesium sulfate (MgSO 4 ), Mg 2+ deficiency upregulated the pro-oxidant protein thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), a contributor to ROS generation, increased endothelial permeability (altering inter-endothelial junctions by disrupting VE-cadherin distribution), and promoted the accumulation of triglycerides in lipid droplets [202]

doi: 10.1021/mp700113r 126 RavindranathVChandrasekharaN

Without Nrf2 function, the genes that form GCL and GS are not expressed with the result that GSH is not formed

Science 217, 164166