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Mitophagy Although MLCS represents a novel mechanism of organelle crosstalk that is independent of mitophagy, studies have indicated that these contacts are linked to mitophagy (Juhl et al., 2021

Provide its own antioxidant support in the brain

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs), sense microbial components and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), triggering activation of signaling cascades such as NF-B, MAPK, and inflammasomes (e.g., NLRP3), which further amplify the inflammatory response [40]

Thus, alcohol affecting the central clock can create favorable conditions for its toxic effects and the development of liver disease