Previous studies identified several AIF splicing isoforms, including a brain-specific AIF2 isoform with a more hydrophobic mitochondrial inner membrane sorting signal encoded by an alternative exon 2b rather than exon 2a 33 , and three short AIF isoforms (AIFsh, AIFsh2 and AIFsh3) with unknown biological functions 18,34,35
Additionally, some studies suggest that taking glutathione with other antioxidants may help increase its absorption rate
Using metabolic labeling with [ 32 P] and different mutants at the C terminal tail, the group of Law demonstrated that rat MOR (rMOR) displays a basal phosphorylation at S363 and T370 and DAMGO increases phosphorylation at T370 and S375 (El Kouhen et al., 2013) but failed to phosphorylate T370 (Doll et al., Phosphorylation studies using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques have led to the characterization of two regions at the C terminal tail of the MOR (Lau et al., 2011): the first region (amino acid 349365) can be mono- or bi-phosphorylated at S363 and in the cluster 354TSST357
According to one study , glutathione helps reduce oxidative stress by either stimulating or reducing the bodys immunological response