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10.1016/s0022-5347(05)64691-5 56 LevyJ

Several mechanisms have been proposed, including promotion of foam cell formation via TMAO-mediated increased expression of scavenger receptors on macrophages, changes in cholesterol, sterol, bile acid metabolism, sterol transporters, and activation of pro-inflammatory pathways [25]

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Abbreviations ALC: Acetyl L-Carnitine ART: Assisted reproductive technology BCB: Brilliant cresyl blue CoA: Coenzyme-A COC: Cumulus-oocyte complex CPT: Cartinitine palmitoyltransferase DHEA: Dehydroepiandrosterone eCG: Equine chorionic gonadotropin ER: Endoplasmic reticulum FHA: Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea FISH: Fluorescent in situ hybridization GABA: -amino butyric acid GnRH: Gonadotropin releasing hormone HPG: Hypothalamo-pituitary gonadal axis IFN: Interferon IVF: In vitro fertilization LC: L-carnitine LDL: Low density lipoprotein LH: Luteinizing hormone MII: Metaphase-II NO: Nitric oxide OCTN: Organic cation transporter OS: Oxidative stress PCOS: Polycystic ovarian syndrome PG: Prostaglandin PLC: Propionyl L-carnitine PMSG: Pregnant mares serum gonadotropin ROS: Reactive oxygen species SCC: Somatic cell count TNF: Tumor necrosis factor References Rutkowski M, Grzegorczyk K