Key Points Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is frequently associated with low back and neck pain The avascularity of the IVD is an obstacle to intrinsic repair by exogenous cells Tissue-specific progenitor cells have been identified in the IVD, and these cells could be targeted to promote intrinsic repair Supplementation of functional cells from exogenous sources has IVD-regenerative effects in basic and preclinical studies A growing number of clinical trials are assessing the effects of cell therapy for IVD disease Despite promising results of cell therapy for IVD disease in preclinical studies, various obstacles remain to define its efficacy and target indications Abstract Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is frequently associated with low back and neck pain, which accounts for disability worldwide
This is especially true if someone has already been diagnosed with vitamin B12 deficiency, which is most likely to affect vegetarians/vegans, older adults and people with malabsorption issues due to underlying health conditions
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-54932-2 Fan H, Zhou J, Yuan Z
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