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ChenX-QChenS-JLiangW-NWangMLiC-FWangS-Set alSaikosaponin A attenuates perimenopausal depression-like symptoms by chronic unpredictable mild stress

A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway promotes translocation of Mdm2 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus

ALOX15: Arachidonic acid 15-lipoxygenase-1

Concomitant with the advances in knowledge and understanding of this metabolic system, a different view of glutamine metabolism has emerged (Reitzer et al., 1979), one that elevates glutamine from a non-essential amino acid to one which plays a fundamental role in cell biosynthesis and bioenergetics, including redox homeostasis, synthesis of metabolites that drive the TCA cycle, generation of antioxidants to eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS), synthesis of nonessential amino acids, pyrimidines, purines, and macromolecules such as fatty acids for cell replication and activation of cell signaling (Deberardinis & Cheng, 2009