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Chondroprotective effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in osteoarthritis

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Abbreviations NSCLC: Non-small cell lung cancer OXPHOS: Oxidative phosphorylation TME: Tumor microenvironment HIF-1: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha HK2: Hexokinase 2 PKM2: Pyruvate kinase M2 LDHA: Lactate dehydrogenase A GLS1: Glutaminase ASCT2: Amino acid transporter ASCT2 FASN: Fatty acid synthase SREBP1: Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 CAFs: Cancer-associated fibroblasts KRAS: Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog EGFR: Epidermal growth factor receptor TP53: Tumor protein p53 LKB1: Liver kinase B1 KEAP1: Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 PI3K-AKT-mTOR: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-AKT-mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway 2-DG: 2-deoxyglucose ACC: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase LAT1: Amino acid transporter LAT1 PHGDH: Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase FDG-PET: Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging NAD+: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide GPX4: Glutathione peroxidase 4 NRF2: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 PUFA: Polyunsaturated fatty acids MUFA: Monounsaturated fatty acids ROS: Reactive oxygen species TCA: Tricarboxylic acid cycle FAO: Fatty acid oxidation SHMT: Serine hydroxymethyltransferase SAM: S-adenosylmethionine AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase mTOR: Mechanistic target of rapamycin EMT: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition Treg: Regulatory T cell MDSC: Myeloid-derived suppressor cell TAM: Tumor-associated macrophage PARP: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase CRISPR: Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats CEST: Chemical exchange saturation transfer NAMPT: Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase DCA: Dichloroacetate MCT: Monocarboxylate transporter SCD1: Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 ACLY: ATP citrate lyase HMGCR: HMG-CoA reductase DLR: LDL receptor PFKFB3: 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor PDK1: Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 SRE: Sterol regulatory element CAIX: Carbonic anhydrase IX Glut-1: Glucose transporter 1 References Alduais Yaser, Zhang Haijun, Fan Fan, Chen Jing, Chen Baoan