glutathione dehydrogenase 1 - an overview Schematic representation of toluene metabolism,

With their diverse array of pumps and transporters, astrocytes are capable of delivering beneficial substances, including ions, neurotransmitters and metabolites, while also producing or releasing detrimental molecules, such as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

Current treatments mainly focus on reducing HTT gene expression, nucleic acid therapies, gene therapy, DNA repair, and cell replacement strategies (133)

Reitsma S, Slaaf DW, Vink H, van Zandvoort MA, Oude Egbrink MG

Therefore, it has been reported that chronic arsenic exposure in vivo induces hepatic DNA hypomethylation, and inappropriate expression of genes[76]