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The study also reported that the mice showed improved metabolic parameters, including better glucose tolerance and lower insulin levels

This typically involves: Intrinsic factor antibodies (highly specific for pernicious anaemia, though sensitivity is only 50%) [12] [28] Gastric parietal cell antibodies (more sensitive but less specific) Coeliac serology if malabsorption is suspected Consideration of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in selected cases, particularly with autoimmune gastritis/pernicious anaemia NICE guidance emphasises that treatment should not be delayed whilst awaiting antibody results if clinical features strongly suggest deficiency, as irreversible neurological damage can occur

The addition of benzyl alcohol inhibits bacterial growth, allowing for multiple withdrawals from the same vial when handled properly in a sterile environment

They represent a genuine paradigm shift in obesity treatment