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A 2007 double-blind, multicenter trial (n=102) showed ALC 1,500 mg/day significantly improved tender point count, total myalgic score, depression, and musculoskeletal pain compared to placebo.[9] A 2015 RCT found ALC 1,500 mg/day comparable to duloxetine 60 mg/day for pain and depression.[8] Most notably, a 2023 RCT demonstrated that adding PEA 1,200 mg/day + ALC 2,000 mg/day to ongoing duloxetine + pregabalin therapy produced significantly greater improvements in Widespread Pain Index, FIQR, and FASmod scores.[7] Role in Treatment: ALC can be used as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy in fibromyalgia

Decuypere J-P, Bultynck G, Parys JB (2011) A dual role for Ca(2+) in autophagy regulation

Excess bleeding is the most important harm associated with aspirin use

Despite controlled inclusion criteria to minimize confounding factors, the limited sample size may have reduced the statistical power and robustness of the ROC results