Wu J, Miao C, Wang Y, Wang S, Wang Z, Liu Y, et al
Introduction chronic disease of occluded aprocrine glands and hair follicles characterized by painful cutaneous draining lesions, abscesses, and pilonidal sinuses this disorder does not respond well to antibiotics Epidemiology Incidence 1-4% worldwide Demographics 3:1 female to male ratio onset in 11-50 years of age rarely persists after menopause Risk factors positive family history smoking obesity mechanical friction (wearing tight clothes) medications Etiology Plugged apocrine gland or hair follicle Pathogenesis exact mechanism is unknown but theories include Presentation Symptoms painful lesions that drain recurrent lesions tender nodules, pustules, or abscesses may have scars from prior lesions location Studies Labs bacterial culture to look for superinfection Diagnostic criteria 1 or more painful, deep-seated nodules or abscesses or draining sinuses poor response to antibiotics chronic and recurrent disease Differential Folliculitis Vasculitis Acne vulgaris Treatment Conservative weight loss and smoking cessation warm compresses Medical topical antibiotics oral antibiotics immunosuppressants Operative surgical debridement of sinus tracts or abscesses Complications Scarring and fibrosis incidence treatment Poor quality of life and psychologic burden Secondary superinfection Prognosis Chronic disease with recurrence Prognostic variable negative Create a free account or log in to see the cards.
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Once translocated into systemic circulation, LPS activates toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), triggering NF-B-mediated release of proinflammatory cytokines ( e.g ., TNF-, IL-6) and further aggravating insulin resistance and ovarian inflammation ( Sex hormone metabolism is also modulated by the gut microbiota
