how does tobacco smoke damage the respiratory system Health Effects of Smoking on Your Body Cigarette smoke activates the parthanatos

Cigarette smoke activates the parthanatos pathway of cell death in human bronchial epithelial cells Cell Death Discovery Smoking causes deep, progressive damage to the lungs by destroying air sacs, narrowing airways, reducing oxygen exchange, and weakening natural cleansing mechanisms. Over time, it leads to chronic cough, breathlessness, COPD, and Cigarette Smoke Induced Respiratory Response: Insights into Cellular Processes and Biomarkers Effects of smoking on lungs

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