reasons for needing b12 injections Are Vitamin Shots Right You? Unnecessary vitamin B12 shots costing

In a previous randomised, placebo-controlled trial, de Jager et al (2010) added metformin 850 mg three times daily to insulin therapy (a higher metformin dose than is usually now used) and demonstrated a number needed to harm of just under 14 for development of B12 deficiency over the 4.3 years of the trial

Otherwise low toxicity water-soluble

A considerable number of DMV neurons are cholinergic releasing acetylcholine to activate nicotinic receptors on postganglionic neurons present in the relevant organs [7]

it does not contain corticosteroid and therefore does not carry steroid-specific systemic risks (hyperglycaemia, HPA suppression, steroid-related chondrotoxicity)